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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecna</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономика науки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics of Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-132X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4680</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Delo Publishing house</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2410-132X-2020-6-1-2-62-74</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecna-243</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экономика науки</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Economics of sience</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение методологии уровней готовности для бережливой разработки цифровых двойников сложных инженерных систем</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of the methodology of readiness levels for the lean development of digital twins of complex engineering systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сартори</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sartori</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.- м.н., советник</p><p>Старомонетный переулок, д. 26, г. Москва, 119180</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Staromonetnyj lane, 26, Moscow, 119180</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sartoriandrey@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Першуков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pershukov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., руководитель проектного направления «Прорыв» – специальный представитель Госкорпорации «Росатом» по международным и научно-техническим проектам</p><p>ул. Большая Ордынка, д. 24, г. Москва, 119017</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bolshaya Ordynka Str., 24, Moscow, 119017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VAPershukov@rosatom.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мосунова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mosunova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., заведующая Отделением разработки программного обеспечения для анализа безопасности АЭС ИБРАЭ РАН</p><p>Большая Тульская ул., д. 52, г. Москва, 115191</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bolshaya Tul’skaya Str., 52, Moscow, 115191</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nam@ibrae.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Манцевич</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mantsevich</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., руководитель направления </p><p>Старомонетный переулок, д. 26, г. Москва, 119180</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Staromonetnyj lane, 26, Moscow, 119180</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nmman1@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Наука и инновации»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC «Science and Innovations»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии «Росатом»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт проблем безопасного развития атомной энергетики Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nuclear safety institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>1-2</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сартори А.В., Першуков В.А., Мосунова Н.А., Манцевич Н.М., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сартори А.В., Першуков В.А., Мосунова Н.А., Манцевич Н.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sartori A.V., Pershukov V.A., Mosunova N.A., Mantsevich N.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ecna.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/243">https://ecna.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/243</self-uri><abstract><p>В силу сложности полномасштабного моделирования объектов и необходимости применения передовых вычислительных технологий, процесс создания цифровых двойников может потребовать значительных временных, финансовых и человеческих ресурсов. Поэтому важным для бережливого управления разработкой цифрового двойника является его позиционирование по функциональным возможностям, определение текущего уровня технологической готовности (TRL) и контроля его динамики на коротких промежутках времени. Предложено описание этапов жизненного цикла виртуальных моделей цифровых двойников и адаптированные к ним условия достижения уровней технологической готовности. Использование детального планирования разработки с целеполаганием по конкретным результатам формализованной TRL-метрики приводит к сокращению времени на разработку, затрат, повышению качества полученных результатов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Due to the complexity of full-scale object modeling and the need to use advanced computing technologies, the digital twin development process may require significant time, financial and human resources. Therefore, it is important for lean management of digital twin development to classify them by functionality, determine the current technology readiness level (TRL), and monitor its dynamics over short periods of time. A description of the life cycle stages of digital twins virtual models and adapted conditions to achieve technology readiness level are proposed. The use of the formalized TRL metric for detailed project planning by specific results reduces the development time, costs, and improves the quality of the results.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цифровой двойник</kwd><kwd>технологическая готовность TRL</kwd><kwd>виртуальная модель</kwd><kwd>критический элемент</kwd><kwd>верификация</kwd><kwd>валидация</kwd><kwd>жизненный цикл</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>digital twin</kwd><kwd>TRL</kwd><kwd>technological readiness level</kwd><kwd>virtual model</kwd><kwd>critical element</kwd><kwd>verification and validation</kwd><kwd>life cycle</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gartner Survey Reveals Digital Twins Are Entering Mainstream Use (2019) / Gartner. https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2019-02-20-gartner-survey-reveals-digital-twins-are-entering-mai.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gartner Survey Reveals Digital Twins Are Entering Mainstream Use (2019) / Gartner. https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2019-02-20-gartner-survey-reveals-digital-twins-are-en-tering-mai.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nuclear Innovation 2050 (2019) / Nuclear Energy Agency. https://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/ni2050.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nuclear Innovation 2050 (2019) / Nuclear Energy Agency. https://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/ni2050.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сартори А.В, Ильина Н. 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