<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecna</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономика науки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics of Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-132X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4680</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Delo Publishing house</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2410-132X-2023-9-3-47-60</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecna-410</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА ЗНАНИЙ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изменение уровня технологического суверенитета в зарубежных странах: опыт Европейского союза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Measuring the level of technological sovereignty in foreign countries: the experience of the European Union</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5964-9080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерёмченко</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yeremchenko</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ерёмченко Ольга Андреевна – ведущий аналитик отдела аналитики и мониторинга</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55811482100</p><p>127254, Москва, ул. Добролюбова, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Yeremchenko – Leading Analyst of the Department of Analytics and Monitoring</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55811482100</p><p>127254, Moscow, Dobrolubova Str., 11</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatrics@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1896-6420</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куракова</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurakova</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куракова Наталия Глебовна – д-р биол. наук, заведующая отделом аналитики и мониторинга</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55441402000</p><p>127254, Москва, ул. Добролюбова, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia G. Kurakova – Doctor of Biology, Head of the Department of Analytics and Monitoring</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55441402000</p><p>127254, Moscow, Dobrolubova Str., 11</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">idmz@mednet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «ЦНИИОИЗ» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ерёмченко О.А., Куракова Н.Г., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ерёмченко О.А., Куракова Н.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yeremchenko O.A., Kurakova N.G.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ecna.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/410">https://ecna.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/410</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье исследуется европейский опыт определения и измерения достигнутого уровня технологического суверенитета применительно к отдельным странам, отраслям и технологиям. Выделены предпосылки актуализации темы технологической независимости в странах Евросоюза, ключевые элементы европейской концепции технологической независимости, этапы эволюции подходов к расчету индексов технологического суверенитета. Показано, что при разработке алгоритма расчета этого индекса необходимо обеспечить достоверность источников, доступность данных и возможность обновления результатов со временем. В качестве барьеров для применения алгоритмов расчетов уровня технологического суверенитета конкретных отраслей обозначены отсутствие строгой привязки компаний к отдельным отраслям и технологиям в отчетных документах и в статистических сборниках, а также невозможность получения достоверных оценок о числе вовлеченных в производственный и научно-исследовательский процесс специалистов. Результаты выполненного анализа подходов и набора индикаторов технологического суверенитета, используемых в странах ЕС, могут быть учтены при формировании алгоритмов расчета уровня технологической независимости отечественных отраслей и технологий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the European experience in determining and measuring the achieved level of technological sovereignty in relation to individual countries, industries and technologies. The prerequisites for the actualization of the topic of technological independence in the EU countries, the key elements of the European concept of technological independence, the stages of evolution of approaches to the calculation of technological sovereignty indices are highlighted. It is shown that when developing an algorithm for calculating this index, it is necessary to ensure the reliability of sources, the availability of data, and the possibility of updating the results over time. As barriers to the application of algorithms for calculating the level of technological sovereignty of specific industries, the absence of a strict binding of companies to individual industries and technologies in reporting documents and statistical collections, as well as the impossibility of obtaining reliable estimates of the number of specialists involved in the production and research process, are indicated. The results of the analysis of approaches and a set of indicators of technological sovereignty used in the EU countries can be considered when developing algorithms for calculating the level of technological independence of domestic industries and technologies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>технологический суверенитет</kwd><kwd>технологическая независимость</kwd><kwd>алгоритмы оценки</kwd><kwd>индикаторы</kwd><kwd>высокотехнологичные отрасли</kwd><kwd>импортозависимость</kwd><kwd>промышленность</kwd><kwd>инновации</kwd><kwd>страны&#13;
Евросоюза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>technological sovereignty</kwd><kwd>technological independence</kwd><kwd>evaluation algorithms</kwd><kwd>indicators</kwd><kwd>high-tech industries</kwd><kwd>import dependence</kwd><kwd>industry</kwd><kwd>innovations</kwd><kwd>EU countries</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания ФГБУ «ЦНИИОИЗ» Минздрава России на 2023 г.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was carried out as part of the state task of the Russian research Institute of Health of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for 2023.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Данейкин Ю. В. Достижение технологического суверенитета высокотехнологичных отраслей экономики РФ: состояние и перспективы // Вестник РГГУ. Серия «Экономика. Управление. Право». 2022. № 4. С. 74–92. DOI: 10.28995/2073-6304-2022-4-74-92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Batura, O., Flickenschild, M., Ramahandry, T., Bonneau, V. (2021) Key enabling technologies for Europe’s technological sovereignty. Technical Report / European Parliamentary Research Service. DOI: 10.2861/24482.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жданеев О. В. Обеспечение технологического суверенитета отраслей ТЭК Российской Федерации // Записки Горного института. 2022. Т. 258. С. 1061–1078. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2022.107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen, W. (2020) How Zhongguancun became the innovation hub powering China’s tech aspirations. https://kr-asia.com/how-zhongguancun-became-the-innovation-hub-powering-chinas-tech-aspirations.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Камчатова Е. Ю., Муратова М. Н. Возможности применения ресурсного подхода при обеспечении технологического суверенитета промышленности РФ // Инновации и инвестиции. 2023. № 2. C. 196–201.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crespi, F., Caravella, S., Menghini, M., Salvatori, C. (2021) European Technological Sovereignty: An Emerging Framework for Policy Strategy, Intereconomics, 56, 348–354.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Квинт В. Л., Новикова И. В., Алимурадов М. К., Сасаев Н. И. Стратегирование технологического суверенитета национальной экономики // Управленческое консультирование. 2022. № 9. С. 57–67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daneikin, Yu.V. (2022) Achieving technological sovereignty of high-tech economies of the Russian Federation: state and prospects. RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. “Economics. Management. Law”, 4, 74–92. DOI: 10.28995/2073-6304-2022-4-74-92 (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Константинов И. Б., Константинова Е. П. Технологический суверенитет как стратегия будущего развития российской экономики // Вестник Поволжского института управления 2022. Т. 22. № 5. С. 12–22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Decree of the Government of Russia dated April 15, 2023 N603 (2023) On Approval of Priority Directions for Technological Sovereignty Projects and Structural Adaptation Projects of the Economy of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on the Conditions for Classifying Projects as Technological Sovereignty Projects and Structural Adaptation Projects for the Economy of the Russian Federation, on Submission of Information on projects of technological sovereignty and projects of structural adaptation of the economy of the Russian Federation and maintaining a register of these projects, as well as on the requirements for organizations authorized to submit opinions on the compliance of projects with the requirements for projects of technological sovereignty and projects of structural adaptation of the economy of the Russian Federation. Electronic Fund of Legal and Regulatory and Technical documents. https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1301344071 (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Оруч Т. А. Исследование показателей и результатов импортозамещения в промышленности России // Инновации и инвестиции. 2023. № 1. С. 289–293.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Decree of the Government of Russia dated May 20, 2023 No. 1315-r (2023) On approval of the Concept of technological development for the period up to 2030 / ConsultantPlus. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_447895 (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Постановление Правительства России от 15 апреля 2023 г. № 603 «Об утверждении приоритетных направлений проектов технологического суверенитета и проектов структурной адаптации экономики Российской Федерации и Положения об условиях отнесения проектов к проектам технологического суверенитета и проектам структурной адаптации экономики Российской Федерации, о представлении сведений о проектах технологического суверенитета и проектах структурной адаптации экономики Российской Федерации и ведении реестра указанных проектов, а также о требованиях к организациям, уполномоченным представлять заключения о соответствии проектов требованиям к проектам технологического суверенитета и проектам структурной адаптации экономики Российской Федерации» / Электронный фонд правовых и нормативно-технических документов. URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1301344071 (дата обращения: 13.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 26, 2023 N Pr-144 (2023) List of instructions following the meeting of the Council for Strategic Development and National Projects / Electronic Fund of Legal and Regulatory and Technical Documents. https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1300789591#64U0IK (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Постановление президента Российской Федерации от 26 января 2023 г. № Пр-144 «Перечень поручений по итогам заседания Совета по стратегическому развитию и национальным проектам» / Электронный фонд правовых и нормативно-технических документов. URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1300789591#64U0IK (дата обращения: 13.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EC European Commission (2021) Strategic dependencies and capacities. Brussels.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Приходько И. И. Теоретические аспекты концепции технологического суверенитета // Ученые записки Крымского федерального университета имени В. И. Вернадского. Экономика и управление. 2022. Т. 8 (74). № 4. С. 88–96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edler, Ja., Blind, K. et al. Technology sovereignty. From demand to concept / Fraunhofer ISI. 2020. https://www.isi.fraunhofer.de/content/dam/isi/dokumente/publikationen/technology_sovereignty.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Распоряжение Правительства России от 20 мая 2023 г. № 1315-р «Об утверждении Концепции технологического развития на период до 2030 года» / КонсультантПлюс. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_447895 (дата обращения: 23.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Commission, Re-finding Industry: Defining innovation, Report of the independent High-Level Group on industrial technologies (2018) European Commission. Directorate General for Research and Innovation. 56 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Судоргин О. А., Макаренко Е. И. Технологический суверенитет и подготовка будущей технической интеллигенции // Власть. 2022. № 5. С. 145–150.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grassano, N., Hernández Guevara, H., Fako, P. et al. (2022) The 2022 EU industrial R&amp;D investment scoreboard: extended summary of key findings and policy implications. Luxemburg: Publications Office of the European Union. DOI:10.2760/08410.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сухарев О. С. Технологический суверенитет: решения на макроэкономическом и отраслевом уровне // Микроэкономика. 2023. № 2. С. 19–33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamchatova, E.Y., Muratova, M.N. (2023) The possibilities of using the resource approach in ensuring the technological sovereignty of the industry of the Russian Federation. Innovations and Investments, 2, 196–201 (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Batura O., Flickenschild M., Ramahandry T., Bonneau V. Key enabling technologies for Europe’s technological sovereignty. Technical Report / European Parliamentary Research Service. 2021. DOI: 10.2861/24482.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konstantinov, I.B., Konstantinova, E.P. (2022) Technological sovereignty as a strategy for the future development of the Russian economy. Bulletin of the Volga Region Institute of Administration, 22, 5, 12–22 (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Edler Ja., Blind K. et al. Technology sovereignty. From demand to concept / Fraunhofer ISI. 2020. https://www.isi.fraunhofer.de/content/dam/isi/dokumente/publikationen/technology_sovereignty.pdf (дата обращения: 23.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kvint, V.L., Novikova, I.V., Alimuradov, M.K., Sasaev, N.I. (2022) Strategizing the National Economy during a Period of Burgeoning Technological Sovereignty, Administrative consulting, 9, 57–67 (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Commission, Re-finding Industry: Defining innovation, Report of the independent High-Level Group on industrial technologies / European Commission. Directorate General for Research and Innovation, 2018. 56 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oruch T. A. (2023) Study of indicators and results of import substitution in Russian industry. Innovation and Investments, 1, 289–293 (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ponte A., Leon G., Alvarez I. Technological sovereignty of the EU in advanced 5G mobile communications: An empirical approach // Telecommunications Policy, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2022.102459 (дата обращения: 13.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponte, A., Leon, G., Alvarez, I. (2022) Technological sovereignty of the EU in advanced 5G mobile communications: An empirical approach, Telecommunications Policy. DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2022.102459.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen W. How Zhongguancun became the innovation hub powering China’s tech aspirations // KRASIA 2020. URL: https://kr-asia.com/how-zhongguancun-became-the-innovation-hub-powering-chinas-techaspirations (дата обращения: 13.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prikhodko, I.I. (2022) Theoretical aspects of the concept of technological sovereignty. Uchenye zapiski V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Economics and Management, 8 (74), 4, 88–96 (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crespi F., Caravella S., Menghini M., Salvatori C. European Technological Sovereignty: An Emerging Framework for Policy Strategy // Intereconomics. 2021. Vol. 56. No 6. P. 348–354.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puglierin, Ja., Zerka, P. et al. (2022) European Sovereignty Index / ECFR. June 2022. https://ecfr.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/European-Sovereignty-Index.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strategic dependencies and capacities / European Commission. 2021. Brussels.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sudorgin, O.A., Makarenko, E.I. (2022) Technological sovereignty and training of the future technical intelligentsia. Power, 5, 145–150 (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grassano N., Hernández Guevara H., Fako P. et al. The 2022 EU industrial R&amp;D investment scoreboard: extended summary of key findings and policy implications. Luxemburg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2022. DOI:10.2760/08410.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sukharev О. S. (2023) Technological sovereignty: decisions at the macroeconomic and industry level // Microeconomics, 2, 19–33 (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Puglierin Ja., Zerka P. et al. European Sovereignty Index / ECFR. June 2022. URL: https://ecfr.eu/wpcontent/uploads/2022/06/European-Sovereignty-Index.pdf (дата обращения: 13.05.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhdaneev, O.V. (2022) Ensuring the technological sovereignty of the branches of the fuel and energy complex of the Russian Federation. Zapiski Gornogo instituta, 258, 1061–1078. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2022.107 (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
