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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecna</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономика науки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics of Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-132X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4680</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Delo Publishing house</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecna-488</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ПРОГРЕСС И ЕГО ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ОТРАСЛИ ЭКОНОМИКИ, ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ РОСТ И ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRESS AND ITS IMPACT ON INDUSTRIES, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Наука, инновации и инвестиции: перспективы российской индустриализации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Science, Innovation аnd Investment: Prospective Aspects of Russian Industrialisation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-7703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухарев</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukharev</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Сергеевич Сухарев - доктор экономических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник Центра институтов социально-экономического развития Института экономики РАН; профессор кафедры «Теория и методологии государственного и муниципального управления» факультета государственного управления МГУ,</p><p>217418, г. Москва, Нахимовский проспект 32.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 56736819100.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg S. Sukharev –  Doctor of Economics, Professor, Chief Researcher of the Center for Socio-Economic Development Institutes; Professor of the Department of Theory and Methodology of State and Municipal Administration, Faculty of Public Administration, Moscow State University,</p><p>32, Nakhimovsky pr., Moscow, 217418.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 56736819100.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o_sukharev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экономики РАН</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сухарев О.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сухарев О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sukharev O.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ecna.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/488">https://ecna.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/488</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается системная связь развития науки, инноваций, обеспечения технологичности экономики и инвестиций. Целью исследования выступает структурный анализ влияния моделей новаторов и консерваторов на индустриальное развитие и формирование стратегии экономической политики. Методологию составляет неошумпетерианский подход к развитию хозяйства, структурный анализ и теория индустриального развития, эмпирические оценки. Информационную базу исследования составили данные Росстата, Всемирного банка, а также полученные автором научные результаты предыдущих лет. На основе указанных методов показано, что новаторы и консерваторы как два типа агентов воплощающих научно-технический прогресс отличаются по модели своего поведения в зависимости от содержания режима инновационного и технологического развития по принципу «созидательного разрушения» и «комбинаторного наращения». Типы индустриализации как политики также можно обеспечить только посредством доминирования одного или другого принципа. Инвестиционная политика стимулирования новых технологий имеет отличия для каждого из рассмотренных режимов. Результатом является демонстрация низкой чувствительности общей технологичности к инвестициям в новые технологии  с необходимым наращением ресурсов, причём не только финансовых, но и трудового, капитального, снижением риска развития за счёт государственной компоненты инвестиций при решении задачи новой индустриализации  и возможных страховых схем. Этот подход будет полезен для стимулирования НИОКР и внедрения отечественных патентов в производство.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper explores the systemic relationship between the development of science, innovation, technological efficiency in the economy, and investment. The study aims to structurally analyse the impact of innovator and conservative models on industrial development and the formulation of economic policy strategies. The methodology adopts a neo-Schumpeterian approach to economic development, structural analysis, theories of industrial development, and empirical estimations. The research utilises data from the Russian statistical agency Rosstat, the World Bank, and the author’s prior scientific findings. The study demonstrates that innovators and conservatives, as two types of agents driving scientific and technological progress, exhibit distinct behavioural models. These models depend on the nature of the innovation and the mode of technological development, which are characterised by the principles of ‘creative destruction’ and ‘combinatorial growth.’ Similarly, the types of industrialisation policies are shaped by the dominance of one principle over the other. Furthermore, investment strategies for stimulating new technologies vary significantly across these modes. The results reveal that overall technological capability shows low sensitivity to investments in new technologies. This finding underscores the need for increased resources –  not only financial but also labour and capital. Additionally, reducing development risks through state-led investments and potential insurance schemes is crucial for addressing the challenges of new industrialisation. This approach provides valuable insights for promoting R&amp;D and integrating domestic patents into production processes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фундаментальная наука</kwd><kwd>НИОКР</kwd><kwd>инновации</kwd><kwd>новаторы-консерваторы</kwd><kwd>технологичность</kwd><kwd>индустриализация</kwd><kwd>экономический рост</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>basic research</kwd><kwd>research and development</kwd><kwd>innovation</kwd><kwd>conservative innovators</kwd><kwd>technology</kwd><kwd>industrialisation</kwd><kwd>economic growth</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Анчишкин, А.И. (1986). Наука, техника, экономика. 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