<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecna</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономика науки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics of Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-132X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4680</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Delo Publishing house</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">UBTWOA</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecna-598</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНАЯ ТЕМА/ДИСКУССИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DISCUSSION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Аксиоматизация проектных решений при построении агентно-ориентированных моделей инновационно-технологических систем</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Axiomatization of project solutions in the construction of agent-based models of innovative technological systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0788-5350</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбачук</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybachuk</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыбачук Максим Александрович – кандидат экономических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории микроэкономического анализа и моделирования; ведущий научный сотрудник Института цифровых технологий</p><p>117418, Москва, Нахимовский пр-т, д. 47</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57192371303</p><p>ResearcherID Web of Science: E-4002–2016</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim A. Rybachuk – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Leading Researcher of the Laboratory for Microeconomic Analysis and Modeling; Leading Researcher of the Institute for Digital Finance</p><p>47, Nakhimovsky Pr., Moscow, 117418</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rybachuk@cemi.rssi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Центральный экономико-математический институт РАН;&#13;
Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Central Economics and Mathematics Institute, Russian Academy of Science;&#13;
Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рыбачук М.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рыбачук М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rybachuk M.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ecna.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/598">https://ecna.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/598</self-uri><abstract><p>В современных условиях стремительного технологического развития особенно актуально использование агентно-ориентированного моделирования (АОМ) для анализа и управления социальноэкономическими и инновационно-технологическими системами. Целью данной работы является формализация методологии АОМ через аксиоматическое описание его структурных элементов для обеспечения теоретикометодологической основы изучения механизмов функционирования инновационно-технологической системы. Методы исследования включают в себя аналитический разбор структурных компонентов АОМ, а также их синтез на основе построения аксиоматической системы. Используются методы абстрагирования для выделения существенных признаков и сравнительного анализа подходов к построению агентно-ориентированных моделей. Такой методологический аппарат позволяет формализовать основные свойства АОМ и систематизировать знания в данной области.Основным результатом исследования является аксиоматическое описание АОМ, отражающее его специфику как инструмента воспроизведения сложных и нелинейных процессов в реальных системах, а также выявление перспектив использования такого рода моделей в стратегическом планировании, цифровой трансформации и обеспечении технологического суверенитета страны через анализ уязвимостей национальных инновационных экосистем.Показано, что аксиоматический подход способствует стандартизации и систематизации знаний о методологии АОМ, а также создает основу для разработки более гибких и интеллектуальных моделей. Это усиливает потенциал АОМ как универсального инструмента для анализа, прогнозирования и управления инновационнотехнологическими системами в условиях глобальной нестабильности и технологической конкуренции.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the context of rapid technological development, the use of agent-based modeling (ABM) for analyzing and managing socio-economic and innovation-technological systems is especially relevant. The aim of this paper is to formalize the methodology of ABM through an axiomatic description of its structural elements to provide a theoretical and methodological foundation for studying the mechanisms of functioning of an innovation-technological system.The research methods include the analysis and synthesis of the structural components of ABM, as well as abstraction and comparative analysis techniques. This methodological framework enables the formalization of the main properties of ABM and the systematization of knowledge in the field.The main result of the study is an axiomatic description of ABM that reflects its nature as a tool for reproducing complex and nonlinear processes in real systems, as well as identifying the prospects for the use of such models in strategic planning, digital transformation, and ensuring technological sovereignty through the analysis of vulnerabilities in national innovation ecosystems.Author demonstrated that the axiomatic approach contributes to the standardization and systematization of knowledge about ABM methodology and also creates a foundation for the development of more flexible and intelligent models. This enhances the potential of ABM as a universal tool for analysis, forecasting, and management of innovation-technological systems amid global instability and technological competition.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>агентно-ориентированное моделирование (АОМ)</kwd><kwd>аксиоматический подход</kwd><kwd>методология моделирования</kwd><kwd>национальная инновационная экосистема</kwd><kwd>технологический суверенитет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>agent-based modeling (ABM)</kwd><kwd>axiomatic approach</kwd><kwd>modeling methodology</kwd><kwd>national innovation ecosystem</kwd><kwd>technological sovereignty</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Статья подготовлена по результатам исследований, выполненных за счет бюджетных средств по государственному заданию Финансового университета.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The article was prepared based on the results of research conducted with budgetary funds under a state assignment from the Financial University.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акбердина, В.В. (2018). Трансформация промышленного комплекса России в условиях цифровизации экономики. Journal of New Economy, 19(3), 82–99. EDN: XUEHAD, https://doi.org/10.29141/2073-1019-2018-19-3-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akberdina, V.V. (2018). The Transformation of the Russian Industrial Complex Under Digitalisation. Journal of New Economy, 19(3), 82–99. EDN: XUEHAD, https://doi.org/10.29141/2073-1019-2018-19-3-8 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акбердина, В.В., &amp; Василенко, Е.В. (2021). Инновационная экосистема: теоретический обзор предметной области. Журнал экономической теории, 18(3), 462–473. EDN: DYGEEV, https://doi.org/10.31063/2073–6517/2021.18–3.10</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akberdina, V.V., &amp; Vasilenko, E.V. (2021). Innovation Ecosystem: Review of the Research Field. Russian Journal of Economic Theory, 18(3), 462–473. EDN: DYGEEV, https://doi.org/10.31063/2073-6517/2021.18-3.10 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Болсуновская, М.В., Гинцяк, А.М., Бурлуцкая, Ж.В., Петряева, А.А., Зубкова, Д.А., Успенский, М.Б., &amp; Селедцова, И.А. (2022). Возможности применения гибридного подхода в моделировании социально-экономических и социотехнических систем. Вестник ВГУ. Серия: Системный анализ и информационные технологии, (3), 73–86. EDN: MUIQUU, https://doi.org/10.17308/sait/1995-5499/2022/3/73-86 (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolsunovskaya, M.V., Gintciak, A.M., Burlutskaya, Z.V., Petryeva, A.A., Zubkova, D.A., Uspenskiy, M.B., &amp; Seledtsova, I.A. (2022). The opportunities of using a hybrid approach for modeling socio-economic and sociotechnical systems. Proceedings of Voronezh State University. Series: Systems Analysis and Information Technologies, (3), 73–86. EDN: MUIQUU, https://doi.org/10.17308/sait/1995-5499/2022/3/73-86 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ганюков, В.Ю., Ханова, А.А., &amp; Сульдина, Н.В. (2012). Интеллектуальная система управления цепями поставок логистического предприятия на основе дискретно-событийной, агентной и системно-динамической имитационных моделей. Вестник Астраханского государственного технического университета. Серия: Управление, вычислительная техника и информатика, (2), 143–149. EDN: PAJWZN</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ganyukov, V.Yu., Khanova, A.A., &amp; Suldina, N.V. (2012). Intelligence system of supply chain management of logistic company based on the discrete event, agent and system dynamic simulation models. Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Management, Computer Science and Informatics, (2), 143–149. EDN: PAJWZN (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гулин, К.А., Дианов, С.В., Алферьев, Д.А., &amp; Дианов, Д.С. (2024). Методология агентного моделирования развития территориальных систем лесозаготовительного производства. Экономические и социальные перемены: факты, тенденции, прогноз, 17(6), 184–203. EDN: PPTUWK, https://doi.org/10.15838/esc.2024.6.96.10</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gulin, K.A., Dianov, S.V., Alfer’ev, D.A., &amp; Dianov, D.S. (2024). Agent-based modeling methodology for the development of territorial logging systems. Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast, 17(6), 184–203. EDN: TRJAUK, https://doi.org/10.15838/esc.2024.6.96.10 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Данилина, Я.B., &amp; Рыбачук, М.А. (2022). Национальная инновационная экосистема как платформа социально-экономического развития страны. Russian Journal of Economics and Law, 16(2), 245–257. EDN: SNTDWP, https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.2.245-257</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danilina, Ya.V., &amp; Rybachuk, M.A. (2022). National innovative ecosystem as a platform for the country’s socialeconomic development. Russian Journal of Economics and Law, 16(2), 245–257. EDN: SNTDWP, https://doi.org/10.21202/2782-2923.2022.2.245-257 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дементьев, В.Е. (2023). Технологический суверенитет и приоритеты локализации производства. Terra Economicus, 21(1), 6–18. EDN: COKINW, https://doi.org/10.18522/2073-6606-2023-21-1-6-18</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dementiev, V.E. (2023). Technological sovereignty and priorities of localization of production. Terra Economicus, 21(1), 6–18. EDN: COKINW, https://doi.org/10.18522/2073-6606-2023-21-1-6-18 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Езангина, И.А., Маловичко, А.Е., &amp; Хрысева, А.А. (2023). Инновационная экосистема как новая форма организационной целостности и механизм финансирования и воспроизводства инноваций. Финансы: теория и практика, 27(3), 17–32. EDN: VPTIRR, https://doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2023-27-3-17-32</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ezangina, I.A., Malovichko, A.E., &amp; Khryseva, A.A. (2023). Innovation ecosystem as a new form of organizational integrity and a mechanism for financing and reproducing innovations. Finance: Theory and Practice, 27(3), 17–32. EDN: VPTIRR, https://doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2023-27-3-17-32 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Истратов, В.А. (2016). Моделирование формирования социальных норм в общественных науках. Экономика и математические методы, 52(4), 47–73. EDN: XEUGID</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Istratov, V.A. (2016). Modelling norm emergence in social sciences. Economics and the Mathematical Methods, 52(4), 47–73. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клейнер, Г.Б. (2001). Экономико-математическое моделирование и экономическая теория. Экономика и математические методы, 37(3), 111–127. EDN: VUPJQD</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kleiner, G.B. (2001). Economic-mathematical modeling and economic theory. Economics and the Mathematical Methods, 37(3), 111–127. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клейнер, Г.Б., Рыбачук, М.А., &amp; Карпинская, В.А. (2020). Развитие экосистем в финансовом секторе России. Управленец, 11(4), 2–17. EDN: QKJHHC, https://doi.org/10.29141/2218-5003-2020-11-4-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kleiner, G.B., Rybachuk, M.A., &amp; Karpinskaya, V.A. (2020). Development of ecosystems in the financial sector of Russia. Upravlenets – The Manager, 11(4), 2–17. EDN: QKJHHC, https://doi.org/10.29141/2218-5003-2020-11-4-1 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клейнер, Г.Б. (2023). Системная парадигма как теоретическая основа стратегического управления экономикой в современных условиях. Управленческие науки, 13(1), 6–19. EDN: DKKPBT, https://doi.org/10.26794/2304-022X-2023-13-1-6-19</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kleiner, G.B. (2023). System paradigm as a theoretical basis for strategic economic management in modern conditions. Management Sciences, 13(1), 6–19. EDN: DKKPBT, https://doi.org/10.26794/2304-022X-2023-13-1-6-19 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клейнер, Г.Б. (2024). Системная парадигма и теория технологий. Terra Economicus, 22(4), 6–18. EDN: BOVNWJ, https://doi.org/10.18522/2073-6606-2024-22-4-6-18</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kleiner, G.B. (2024). The systems paradigm and the theory of technology. Terra Economicus, 22(4), 6–18. EDN: BOVNWJ, https://doi.org/10.18522/2073-6606-2024-22-4-6-18 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаров, В.Л., &amp; Бахтизин, А.Р. (2009). Новый инструментарий в общественных науках – агент-ориентированные модели: общее описание и конкретные примеры. Экономика и управление, (12), 13–25. EDN: LAAFXZ</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarov, V.L., &amp; Bakhtizin, A.R. (2009). New instruments in social sciences – agent-oriented models: general description and specific examples. Economics and Management, (12), 13–25. EDN: LAAFXZ (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаров, В.Л., Бахтизин, А.Р., &amp; Сушко, Е.Д. (2016). Агент-ориентированные модели как инструмент апробации управленческих решений. Управленческое консультирование, 12(96), 16–25. EDN: XEAUXJ</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarov, V.L., Bakhtizin, A.R., &amp; Sushko, E.D. (2016). Agent-Based Models as a Means of Testing of Management Solutions. Administrative Consulting, 12(96), 16–25. EDN: XEAUXJ (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаров, В.Л., Бахтизин, А.Р., &amp; Сушко, Е.Д. (2017). Регулирование промышленных выбросов на основе агент-ориентированного подхода. Экономические и социальные перемены: факты, тенденции, прогноз, 10(6), 42–58. EDN: YMWXFP, https://doi.org/10.15838/esc/2017.6.54.3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarov, V.L., Bakhtizin, A.R., &amp; Sushko, E.D. (2017). Regulation of industrial emissions based on the agentbased approach. Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast, 10(6), 42–58. EDN: YMWXFP, https://doi.org/10.15838/esc/2017.6.54.3 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маслобоев, А.В. (2010). Формальные спецификации активных программных компонентов мультиагентной виртуальной бизнес-среды развития инноваций. Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики, 3(67), 96–102. EDN: MBDYHH</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Masloboev, A.V. (2010). Formal specifications of pro-active software components in the multi-agent virtual business environment of innovations development. Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, 3(67), 96–102. EDN: MBDYHH (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Суслов, С.А., Кондратьев, М.А., &amp; Сергеев, К.В. (2010). Агентное моделирование как средство анализа и прогноза спроса на энергоресурсы. Проблемы управления, (2), 46–52. EDN: MQHUHR</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suslov, S.A., Kondratyev, M.A., &amp; Sergeev, K.V. (2010). Agent-based modeling as a tool for analyzing and forecasting energy demand. Control Sciences, (2), 46–52. EDN: MQHUHR (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сухарев, О.С. (2024). Технологический суверенитет России: формирование на базе развития сектора “экономика знаний”. Вестник Института экономики Российской академии наук, (1), 47–64. EDN: GBHZQW, https://doi.org/10.52180/2073-6487_2024_1_47_64</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sukharev, O.S. (2024). Technological sovereignty of Russia: formation on the basis of the development of the “knowledge economy” sector. The Bulletin of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, (1), 47–64. EDN: GBHZQW, https://doi.org/10.52180/2073-6487_2024_1_47_64 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чичканов, В.П., &amp; Сухарев, О.С. (2024). Технологический суверенитет: способ измерения. Экономические стратегии, 26((1)193), 62–69. EDN: QEZUGZ, https://doi.org/10.33917/es-1.193.2024.62–69</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chichkanov, V.P., &amp; Sukharev, O.S. (2024). Technological Sovereignty: Measurement Method. Economic Strategies, 26((1)193), 62–69. EDN: QEZUGZ, https://doi.org/10.33917/es-1.193.2024.62–69 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">An, L., Grimm, V., Sullivan, A., Turner, B., Malleson, N., Heppenstall, A., Vincenot, C., Robinson, D., Ye, X., Liu, J., Lindkvist, E., &amp; Tang, W. (2021). Challenges, tasks, and opportunities in modeling agent-based complex systems. Ecological Modelling, 457, 109685. EDN: MZCZSX, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109685</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">An, L., Grimm, V., Sullivan, A., Turner, B., Malleson, N., Heppenstall, A., Vincenot, C., Robinson, D., Ye, X., Liu, J., Lindkvist, E., &amp; Tang, W. (2021). Challenges, tasks, and opportunities in modeling agent-based complex systems. Ecological Modelling, 457, 109685. EDN: MZCZSX, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109685</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antonelli, C., &amp; Ferraris, G. (2011). Innovation as an emerging system property: an agent based simulation model. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 14(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.1741</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antonelli, C., &amp; Ferraris, G. (2011). Innovation as an emerging system property: an agent based simulation model. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 14(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.1741</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Axtell, R.L., &amp; Farmer, J.D. (2025). Agent-based modeling in economics and finance: Past, present, and future. Journal of Economic Literature, 63(1), 197–287. EDN: BBYYLW, https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20221319</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Axtell, R.L., &amp; Farmer, J.D. (2025). Agent-based modeling in economics and finance: Past, present, and future. Journal of Economic Literature, 63(1), 197–287. EDN: BBYYLW, https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20221319</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonabeau, E. (2002). Agent-based modeling: Methods and techniques for simulating human systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99(3), 7280–7287. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.082080899</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonabeau, E. (2002). Agent-based modeling: Methods and techniques for simulating human systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99(3), 7280–7287. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.082080899</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bruch, E., &amp; Atwell, J. (2015). Agent-Based Models in Empirical Social Research. Sociological Methods &amp; Research, 44(2), 186–221. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124113506405</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bruch, E., &amp; Atwell, J. (2015). Agent-Based Models in Empirical Social Research. Sociological Methods &amp; Research, 44(2), 186–221. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124113506405</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gilbert, N., &amp; Bankes, S. (2002). Platforms and methods for agent-based modeling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99(3), 7197–7198. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.072079499</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gilbert, N., &amp; Bankes, S. (2002). Platforms and methods for agent-based modeling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99(3), 7197–7198. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.072079499</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grimm, V., Railsback, S.F., Vincenot, C.E., Berger, U., Gallagher, C., DeAngelis, D.L., Edmonds, B., Ge, J., Giske, J., Groeneveld, J., Johnston, A.S.A., Milles, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Polhill, J.G., Radchuk, V., Rohwäder, M.-S., Stillman, R.A., Thiele, J.C., &amp; Ayllón, D. (2020). The ODD protocol for describing agent-based and other simulation models: A second update to improve clarity, replication, and structural realism. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 23(2), 7. EDN: JVLOGU, https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.4259</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grimm, V., Railsback, S.F., Vincenot, C.E., Berger, U., Gallagher, C., DeAngelis, D.L., Edmonds, B., Ge, J., Giske, J., Groeneveld, J., Johnston, A.S.A., Milles, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Polhill, J.G., Radchuk, V., Rohwäder, M.-S., Stillman, R.A., Thiele, J.C., &amp; Ayllón, D. (2020). The ODD protocol for describing agent-based and other simulation models: A second update to improve clarity, replication, and structural realism. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 23(2), 7. EDN: JVLOGU, https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.4259</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jackson, J., Rand, D., Lewis, K., Norton, M., &amp; Gray, K. (2016). Agent-Based Modeling. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(4), 387–395. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617691100</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jackson, J., Rand, D., Lewis, K., Norton, M., &amp; Gray, K. (2016). Agent-Based Modeling. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(4), 387–395. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617691100</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaniyamattam, K. (2022). 71 Agent-Based Modeling: A Historical Perspective and Comparison to Other Modeling Techniques. Journal of Animal Science, 100(Suppl. 3), 32–33. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.062</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaniyamattam, K. (2022). 71 Agent-Based Modeling: A Historical Perspective and Comparison to Other Modeling Techniques. Journal of Animal Science, 100(Suppl. 3), 32–33. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.062</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kavak, H., Padilla, J.J., Lynch, C.J., &amp; Diallo, S.Y. (2018). Big data, agents, and machine learning: towards a data-driven agent-based modeling approach. In Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Simulation Conference. Article 12, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.22360/springsim.2018.anss.021</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kavak, H., Padilla, J.J., Lynch, C.J., &amp; Diallo, S.Y. (2018). Big data, agents, and machine learning: towards a data-driven agent-based modeling approach. In Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Simulation Conference. Article 12, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.22360/springsim.2018.anss.021</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma, T., &amp; Nakamori, Y. (2005). Agent-based modeling on technological innovation as an evolutionary process. European Journal of Operational Research, 166(3), 741–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2004.01.055</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma, T., &amp; Nakamori, Y. (2005). Agent-based modeling on technological innovation as an evolutionary process. European Journal of Operational Research, 166(3), 741–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2004.01.055</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maidstone, R. (2012). Discrete event simulation, system dynamics and agent based simulation: Discussion and comparison. [White paper]. The University of Manchester. Retrieved October 20, 2025, from https://personal-pages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/robert.maidstone/pdf/MresSimulation.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maidstone, R. (2012). Discrete event simulation, system dynamics and agent based simulation: Discussion and comparison. [White paper]. The University of Manchester. Retrieved October 20, 2025, from https://personal-pages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/robert.maidstone/pdf/MresSimulation.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manson, S., An, L., Clarke, K.C., Heppenstall, A., Koch, J., Krzyzanowski, B., … &amp; Tesfatsion, L. (2020). Methodological issues of spatial agent-based models. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 23(1), 6. EDN: HWDYYL, https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.4174</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manson, S., An, L., Clarke, K.C., Heppenstall, A., Koch, J., Krzyzanowski, B., … &amp; Tesfatsion, L. (2020). Methodological issues of spatial agent-based models. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 23(1), 6. EDN: HWDYYL, https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.4174</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marchi, S., &amp; Page, S. E. (2014). Agent-Based Models. Annual Review of Political Science, 17, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-080812-191558</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marchi, S., &amp; Page, S. E. (2014). Agent-Based Models. Annual Review of Political Science, 17, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-080812-191558</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mishra, R., &amp; Ishii, H. (2021). Event-triggered control for discrete-time multi-agent average consensus. International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, 33(1), 159–176. EDN: JPUYZE, https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.5815</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishra, R., &amp; Ishii, H. (2021). Event-triggered control for discrete-time multi-agent average consensus. International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, 33(1), 159–176. EDN: JPUYZE, https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.5815</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neves, F., Campos, P., &amp; Silva, S. (2019). Innovation and employment: an agent-based approach. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 22(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.3933</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neves, F., Campos, P., &amp; Silva, S. (2019). Innovation and employment: an agent-based approach. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 22(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.3933</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Summad, E., Al-Kindi, M., Al-Hinai, N., Shamsuzzoha, A., &amp; Piya, S. (2023). The application of agent-based modelling for the diffusion of innovation research: a case study. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 30(4), 542–564. EDN: YHQHLE, https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIR.2023.130077</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Summad, E., Al-Kindi, M., Al-Hinai, N., Shamsuzzoha, A., &amp; Piya, S. (2023). The application of agent-based modelling for the diffusion of innovation research: a case study. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 30(4), 542–564. EDN: YHQHLE, https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIR.2023.130077</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turgut, Y., &amp; Bozdag, C.E. (2023). A framework proposal for machine learning-driven agent-based models through a case study analysis. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 123, 102707. EDN: VHPAQX, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2022.102707</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turgut, Y., &amp; Bozdag, C.E. (2023). A framework proposal for machine learning-driven agent-based models through a case study analysis. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 123, 102707. EDN: VHPAQX, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2022.102707</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiao, Y., &amp; Han, J. (2016). Forecasting new product diffusion with agent-based models. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 105, 167–178. EDN: WVQAIH, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.01.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiao, Y., &amp; Han, J. (2016). Forecasting new product diffusion with agent-based models. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 105, 167–178. EDN: WVQAIH, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.01.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
