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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecna</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономика науки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics of Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-132X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4680</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Delo Publishing house</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">KPSGYA</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecna-638</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА ЗНАНИЙ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Экономика технологий»: принципы развития и оценка потенциала</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>“Economics of technology”: principles of development and potential assessment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-7703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухарев</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukharev</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Сергеевич Сухарев – доктор экономических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник Центра институтов социально-экономического развития Института экономики РАН, профессор кафедры «Теория и методологии государственного и муниципального управления» факультета государственного управления МГУ</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 56736819100</p><p>217418, г. Москва, Нахимовский проспект 32</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg S. Sukharev – Doctor of Economics, Professor, Chief Researcher of the Center for Socio-Economic Development Institutes of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor of the Department of Theory and Methodology of State and Municipal Administration, Faculty of Public Administration, Moscow State University</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 56736819100</p><p>32, Nakhimovsky pr., Moscow, 217418</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o_sukharev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экономики Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сухарев О.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сухарев О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sukharev O.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ecna.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/638">https://ecna.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/638</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается относительно новое научное направление «экономика технологий», которое является частью более широкого направления «экономики научно-технического прогресса» и изучает закономерности появления, внедрения, эксплуатации, вывода и конкуренции технологий, а также процессы технологического замещения, дополнения и развития технологий. Цель исследования – определение основных принципов развития научного направления «экономики технологий» и собственно технологического развития, а также применение авторской доктрины «двух потенциалов» в рамках количественной оценки технологического потенциала при осуществлении технологического выбора. Методологию составляет теория технологического развития, «экономики технологий», доктрина «двух потенциалов» – текущего и перспективного. Результатом работы является набор принципов технологического развития и «экономики технологий» как исследовательского направления, а также подход к оценке технологического потенциала и методика осуществления выбора технологического решения при замещении импортной либо устаревшей технологии. Данный подход позволяет дать качественную оценку имеющегося набора базовых технологий в рамках конкретного технологического направления, вида деятельности или даже отрасли. При этом требуется учитывать и то обстоятельство, что даже один импортный элемент в рамках какой-либо технологии может сдерживать её развитие и формировать довольно высокую зависимость от внешних технических решений, а также не позволять придать ей статус полностью отечественной технологии. В связи с этим необходима качественная оценка содержания технологии, её дополнительных характеристик, обеспечивающая адекватность технологического выбора. Созданный в рамках данной статьи инструментарий существенно продвигает развитие «экономики технологий» как научного направления на теоретическом и методико-измерительном уровнях анализа. Показана методика сравнительной оценки технологий в сфере микроэлектроники с демонстрацией вариантов выбора в ситуации замещения импортной технологии и отказа от устаревшей технологии в пользу новой отечественной технологии. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper considers a relatively new scientific direction “economics of technology”, which is part of a broader direction “economics of scientific and technological progress”, and studies the patterns of emergence, implementation, operation, withdrawal and competition of technologies, processes of technological substitution and addition, development of technologies. The purpose of the study is to determine the main principles of development of the scientific direction “economics of technology” and technological development itself, as well as the application of the author’s doctrine of “two potentials” in the framework of quantitative assessment of technological potential for making a technological choice. The methodology is the theory of technological development, “economics of technology”, the doctrine of “two potentials” – current and prospective. The result of the work is a set of principles of technological development and “economics of technology” as a research direction, as well as an approach to assessing technological potential and a methodology for choosing a technological solution when replacing imported or obsolete technology. It allows you to give a qualitative assessment of the existing set of basic technologies within a specific technological direction, type of activity or even an industry. Of course, it is necessary to take into account the fact that even one imported element within a technology can restrain its development and ensure a fairly high dependence on external technical solutions, as well as prevent it from being given the status of a completely domestic technology. In this regard, a qualitative assessment of the content of the technology, its additional characteristics is needed to ensure the adequacy of the technological choice. The tools created within the framework of this article significantly advance the development of the “economics of technology” as a scientific direction at the theoretical and methodological-measurement level of analysis. A methodology for comparative assessment of technologies in the field of microelectronics is shown, demonstrating the options for choosing in a situation of substituting imported and abandoning obsolete technology in favor of a new domestic technology. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>«экономика технологий»</kwd><kwd>технологический потенциал</kwd><kwd>принципы развития</kwd><kwd>технологичность</kwd><kwd>текущий и перспективный потенциал</kwd><kwd>технологии микроэлектроники</kwd><kwd>доктрина двух потенциалов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>“economics of technology”</kwd><kwd>technological potential</kwd><kwd>principles of development</kwd><kwd>manufacturability</kwd><kwd>current and prospective potential</kwd><kwd>microelectronics technologies</kwd><kwd>two potential doctrine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Анчишкин, А.И. 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