Abstract: Patent data is a key source of information for innovation economists. In recent decades it has been possible to observe its significant diffusion and success mainly thanks either to archives digitization or to authorities’ greater openness with respect to patent granting procedure. Furthermore, the use of this information over time has not been limited to simple statistics on patents and their classification, but, going further, has extended to the analysis of applicants, inventors, citations, and much more. By this seminal paper, we are going to analyze starting from Data analysis related to a selection of Balkanic Countries, chosen among the most dynamic in innovation process and production of patents: Croatia, Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. How it will explain into the work, this selection was not accidental: the aim was to represent the evolution of these Countries, in terms of patent internationalization, depending on their “link” with the European Union, not all Western Balkan Countries are in fact part of it. Croatia, an official EU member since 2012, was chosen as the representative state of European influence. Some interesting results were obtained with a novel approach by social network analysis techniques.

An analysis of foreign experience convincingly shows that the level of science intensity of national products is directly related to the country’s position in international rankings of the productivity of university ecosystems. With a share of 0.4% in the global number of start-ups, Russia is inferior not only to developed countries but also to the BRICS countries. As of 2020, only 37 start-ups per million population are being created in the Russian Federation, while Switzerland has 1791. At the same time, in the jurisdiction of Russia, out of the total number founded in 2010–2019 start-ups remained no more than 36%. The strategies allow universities to create successful technological innovation ecosystems in the cultural, economic, and socio-political environment, which cannot be characterized as favorable for academic entrepreneurship. The analysis of factors stimulating the development of start-up ecosystems in Estonia and Portugal, including simplified residency programs for founders of foreign start-ups; ease of registration, business and taxation system; presence in the country of representative offices of large international companies and the creation of technological hubs for them, a developed system of national incubators and accelerators, including those financed by the state; safety, low cost of housing and living and comfortable living environment.

The aim of this research is to adapt the concept of open innovation, widely used in business, for the purposes of universities. The methodological basis of the research was the methods of systematization, comparative analysis, logical-structural analysis and synthesis of literature, which contains the main theoretical, methodological and practical issues of the theory of open innovation, innovative development of universities, development of the organizational and economic mechanism of innovative development of the university and assessment of the innovative development of the university. The research results can become a methodological platform for the creation and implementation of innovative projects at universities and ensuring their innovative development in general.

The purpose of the article is to find out the peculiarities of grant taxation in Russia, depending on the subject composition of persons, implementing or attracted to the implementation of the grant. The article uses the following methods of scientific knowledge: analysis and synthesis, through which the provisions on grant taxation were first divided into constituent features and subsequently combined to formulate a position on the stated issue, also used the method of mental experiment, which allows to consider different options of taxation of persons involved in the implementation of grants. The result of this article was an indication of the absence or existence of an obligation to pay taxes on the grant for different entities: organizations and individuals as grant recipients and as entities involved in the implementation of the grant project. The decision to pay tax depends not only on which entity is the recipient of the grant, but also on which entity provides the grant. The existing approach to the solution of the considered question is characterized by complexity, biased differentiation criterion and requires correction.

The purpose of the article is to explore digital technologies that impose new requirements on the system of human capital formation, especially education. The authors have updated the concept of «human capital». They propose a scheme of its development as a successive transition from natural talents and gifts to higher values and meanings, accumulated individually throughout life. It is argued that digitalization has an increasing influence on this process: after the digitization of external physical objects and communications of the “man-technique” type, it is rapidly subordinating all communications of the “man-human” type and claims to digitize the functions of man himself. In this situation, man (if he wants to preserve his subjectivity) is required to develop personally ahead of the rapid evolution of the technosphere. As a result, man will find himself in a situation where he can only deal with values and meanings, while physical production will be carried out by the autonomous technosphere.
The Government needs to promote the development of human capital with fundamentally new professional competencies codified by law. Training, in addition to professional sectoral knowledge, should be directed towards the development of digital competences and future metanautics. Access to digital information is governed by dynamic legal aspects of law.